Neonatal Jaundice

Neonatal jaundice occurs when a baby has a
high level of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is secreted by the liver. The liver helps
break down the substance so it can be removed
from the body in the stool.it is noticed in neonate around the second day after birth lasting until 8 days in normal births; in premature birth, last for 14 days.
     Causes
.Normal physiologic jaundice
.Formulae supplementation
.Hemolytic disorder
.Pyruvate kinase deficiency
.infantile pyknocytosis.

Diagnosis
.Pre- hepatic- is caused by anything which causes an increased rate of hemolysis. (Breakdown of Rev blood cell).
.Hepatocullar- is caused by Acute or chronic hapatitis , hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis, drug induced hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease.
.Post -hepatic - also called obstructive jaundice, is caused by an interruption to the drainage of bile in the biliary system. Most common causes gallstone in the bile duct and pancreatic cancer in the the head of the pancrease.

Complications
.Sepsis especially cholangitis,biliary cirrhosis.
.Brain damage
.Death.

Treatment
. Feed the baby often at least 13times daily to enable passage of the bowel
.Give I.V fluid
.Photo therapy
.Baby should be on diapers only with shades to over the eyes under light illumination.
.Exchange blood transfusion if the jaundice is severe.

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