Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a bacteria infection that affect the lungs and other part of the body including the glands,boned and nervous system. It is spread by inhaling tiny droplets from cough or sneezes of an infected patient.

Symptoms
1. Persistent cough that last more than 3 weeks and usually brings up phlegm which my be bloody.
2. Weight loss
3.Night sweat
4.High temperature
5.Tiredness and fatigue
6.loss of appetite
7.swelling.

Causes
. It is caused by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis affect the lungs and it is the mostly contagious type but usually spread after been exposed to infected patient.
. Our immunity ( Defense mechanism) goes along way in dealing with the bacteria.In most healthy people, the immune system kills the bacteria thereby no symptom is manifested .
   -sometimes the immune system cannot kill the bacteria but managed to prevent it from spreading in the body.This means you not have any symptoms but the bacteria will  remain in the body. This is known as Latent TB
  -If the immune system fails to kill or contain the infection , it can spread within the lungs or other parts of the body and symptoms will develop within few weeks or month .This is known as Active TB.
"Note latent TB can later develop into Active TB infection at a later date if the immunity is low".

Diagnosis
.Mantoux test
.Sputum test
.Blood test
.Imaging test
.Chest x-ray.

Treatment
.Antibiotics e.g
Isoniazid
Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane)
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
Pyrazinamide

.Isolation to stop the spread of the infection.
.oxygen my be passed in a severe case.

People who could have
.Overcrowded area and malnutrition
.People who illicit drug.
.Inhabitants and employee of locales where vulnerable people gather e.g prison homeless shelters
.Smokers
.Alcoholism
.Diabetics patient.

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